1.5 BASKETBALL RULES FUNDAMENTALS 1.5.1: Rules fundamentals are clearly outlined in descriptive material. When these are thoroughly understood, the chance of making an error in decision on some infrequent and uncommon situation is greatly reduced. All of the rules are based on these few fundamentals. Mastery of them enables the official to base the ruling on logic rather than on memory of the proper ruling for each of the hundreds of situations that may arise. The basketball fundamentals are: While the ball remains live, a loose ball always remains in control of the team whose player last had control, unless it is a try or tap for goal. Neither a team nor any player is ever in control during a dead ball or jump ball, or when the ball is in flight during a try or tap for goal. A goal is made when a live ball enters the basket from above and remains in or passes through unless canceled by a throw-in violation or a player control foul. The jump ball, the throw-in and the free throw are the only methods of getting a dead ball live. Neither the dribble nor traveling rule operates during the jump ball, throw in or free throw. It is not possible for a player to travel during a dribble. The only infractions for which points are awarded are goaltending by the defense or basket interference at the opponent’s basket. There are three types of violations, and each has its own penalty. A ball in flight has the same relationship to frontcourt or backcourt, or inbounds or out of bounds, as when it last touched a person or the floor. Personal fouls always involve illegal contact and occur during a live ball, except a common foul by or on an airborne shooter. The penalty